Maps

Map work and tour planning

Itinerary timing across countries uses time zones, not only the hours the aircraft spends in the air. A clock at the destination is a different clock, and the plan has to say which one it means.

CAPS

Grade 12 · Tourism · Maps

Tourism is one paper that mixes planning, money, people and place.

The paper
One NSC paper of 200 marks. It covers tourism sectors, map work and tour planning, foreign exchange, attractions, heritage and culture, marketing, communication and customer care, and sustainable and responsible tourism.
Calculations and service
Foreign exchange must show the currency, the rate, and whether you multiply or divide. A tour plan must fit the time and the map. Customer-care answers name what the tourist needed and what the staff member should have done.
How a marker reads it
A common mix-up is to add the flying time and read the result as the destination clock, forgetting that London in this case is two hours behind Johannesburg.

The paper is 3 hours. A slogan with no link to the attraction, or a rand amount with no rate, does not score the application marks.

Worked theory

Worked theory. Say a flight from Johannesburg, on UTC+2, to London leaves on 3 February at 20:00 South African time, say the flight is 11 hours, and say London is on UTC+0 for this case. Adding 11 hours to 20:00 gives 07:00 the next morning on a South African clock. The offset in this case is 2 hours, so 07:00 South African time is 05:00 in London, not 07:00 on a London clock. A guest who tells a hotel they land at 07:00, meaning the South African sum, arrives two hours before that hotel expects them.

More worked examples

A meeting in Nairobi
Say a tour planner flies from Johannesburg to Nairobi, say the flight is 4 hours, and say Nairobi is on UTC+3 for this case. The aircraft leaves at 10:00 South African time, so it has been airborne until 14:00 on a South African clock. Nairobi is one hour ahead of Johannesburg in this case, so the landing is 15:00 in Nairobi. A meeting set for 14:30 Nairobi time is already missed if the planner used the South African sum as the local clock. The flight was on time, and the zone was the part left out.
A call to New York
Say an operator in Cape Town, on UTC+2, books a call with a client and say New York is on UTC-5 for this case. At 16:00 in Cape Town it is 09:00 in New York, because the gap in this case is 7 hours. The client who is told to speak at 4 is still in the early morning and does not answer. The operator who says 16:00 Cape Town, which is 09:00 New York, gets the call. The hour was never the same hour in both cities.

In ordinary words

South Africa stays on UTC+2. Add the flying time to the departure on the South African clock first, then shift by the destination's offset. Label the offsets you are using, because a city is not the same number of hours away in every textbook case. A meeting booked as a bare hour, with no city named, is not a time.

In South Africa

Families watching a departure board in Johannesburg are on UTC+2 even when the aircraft is going to a city on a different offset.

Part 1 / 4

What it is

Itinerary timing across countries uses time zones, not only the hours the aircraft spends in the air. A clock at the destination is a different clock, and the plan has to say which one it means.

More worked examples

Board walkthroughs on this topic. Open one, copy the working, then try the next.

Example 1 / 20

A flight leaves Johannesburg at 22:00 SAST to New York (UTC−4 in summer), flight time 16 h. Calculate local arrival time.

How we got there

Read this like a teacher at the board. We go slowly, name every number, and say why we take each step.

Explain in another language · 11

1. What is the question asking?

Read the question twice. Circle the unknown. Underline every number and unit. The paper is asking: A flight leaves Johannesburg at 22:00 SAST to New York (UTC−4 in summer), flight time 16 h. Calculate local arrival time.

Before any working — hunt first

Given

Numbers and units already in the sentence: 22 · 00 SAST · 4 in · 16 h. Copy each one into a column. A name without a number is not given.

Missing

After you copy the given, the letter that still has no number is missing. The paper is pointing at: local arrival time. Circle that word — that is the missing variable.

Find

We are required to find: local arrival time. Write that as a symbol on the left, with a question mark, before you touch a formula.

Calculate

What we need to calculate: Add, then convert. Then substitute the given, one line at a time, to get local arrival time.

In other words — as if you have never seen this before

If you have never seen this before: Add, then convert. We will name a method in words, write the formula with no numbers, then substitute one line at a time.

2. What do we already know?

22:00 SA; 16 h; NY 6 h behind.

3. Which method — and why this one?

Add, then convert.

4. Step-by-step working

01 / 05
Add
22:00+16 h=14:00 next day SA time.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
02 / 05
Subtract
NY is 6 h behind: 08:00.
Why this step: We only do one job per line so a marker can follow the marks — and so you can find a slip without starting over.
03 / 05
Step G — Sense-check the size
Ask: is this the kind of number a Grade 10–12 paper would want? A speed of 3 000 ms for a learner walking, or a probability bigger than 1, means a unit or algebra slip. Estimate first: round the numbers and do the sum in your head.
Why this step: Markers write ‘unrealistic’ in the margin when the method is right but the size is wild. A 10-second head check often finds a missing 10² or a unit that never changed.
04 / 05
Step F — Box the answer with its unit
08:00 next day New York time.
Why this step: A number without a unit is half a mark on a Physics paper, and a marker can miss a Maths answer that is buried in working.
05 / 05
Step H — What the marker is looking for
On an NSC memo you usually earn: (1) a method mark for naming the right formula or idea in words, (2) an accuracy mark for substituting the given numbers with units, (3) an accuracy mark for the boxed answer with its unit. Write those three lines even if you are unsure of the arithmetic — blank pages score zero.
Why this step: First-timers chase the final number and leave the method blank. The memo still pays out for the idea and the substitution even when the last line is wrong.

5. The answer

08:00 next day New York time.

Copy onto your answer sheet — in this order

Answer: 08:00 next day New York time.

6. Check it like a marker

UTC−5 in winter.

7. A trap first-timers fall into

First-timers often grab the first formula they remember, mix units (cm with m, minutes with seconds), or drop a minus sign. Write the formula in words first: “this equals that, because…”

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